Majekeseni oyeretsa khungu amagulitsidwa ndi zipatala za dermatology, saluni zodzikongoletsera komanso malo ogulitsa ochezera. Ku Indonesia amadziwika kuti suntik putih kapena suntikan pemutihan ; kwina amagulitsidwa ngati madontho a glutathione, kuwombera kwa vitamini C kapena 'zowonjezera zowala'. Kodi majekeseniwa ndi otetezeka, amene amawongolera, ndipo chipatala kapena wodwala angadziwe bwanji mankhwala enieni kuchokera kubodza?
Bukuli likuyang'ana kwambiri zachitetezo, malamulo komanso kuzindikira zabodza. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino pa melasma kapena kuzimiririka, werengani kuyerekezera kwathu kosiyana jakisoni wa glutathione vs vitamini C vs tranexamic acid.
Kodi Majekeseni Oyera Pakhungu Ndi Otetezeka? Yankho Lachidule
Zimatengera zinthu zitatu: zomwe zikubayidwa, momwe zimabayidwira komanso komwe mankhwalawo adachokera. Chida cholembetsedwa, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiritso chovomerezeka ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino pamalo osabala, chimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chosiyana kwambiri ndi botolo losalembetsedwa lomwe lagulidwa pa intaneti ndikuperekedwa ngati dontho la mtsempha mu saluni.
Mfundo ziwiri zimakhazikitsa zokambirana. Choyamba, onse a US FDA ndi Philippine FDA akuti sanavomereze jekeseni iliyonse yoyeretsera khungu kapena kuyatsa. Chachiwiri, zoopsa zazikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri sizimachokera kuzinthu zokhazokha koma kuchokera kuzinthu zosadziwika komanso machitidwe osatetezeka a jakisoni. Palibe jekeseni yemwe angasinthiretu mtundu wa khungu lachilengedwe, mfundo yomwe nkhani yathu ikunena jakisoni wokhazikika wa khungu loyera amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.
Kodi Kuopsa Kwa Majekeseni Oyera Ndi Chiyani?
Zowopsa kuchokera kuzinthu zokha
US FDA yachenjeza kuti jekeseni yoyera pakhungu yomwe imagulitsidwa pa intaneti komanso m'malo opangira ma spas itha kukhala yosatetezeka komanso yosagwira ntchito ndipo ikhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zovulaza kapena zowononga zosadziwika. Monga momwe katswiri wamankhwala wa FDA amanenera, ogwiritsa ntchito 'akubaya jekeseni chinthu chosadziwika' popanda kudziwa chomwe chilimo kapena momwe chinapangidwira. Malinga ndi FDA, mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi glutathione, vitamini C, collagen komanso placenta yamunthu.
Zowopsa zomwe zimachitika ndi jakisoni
Jekeseni iliyonse imaphwanya chotchinga pakhungu. A FDA amawona kuti njira zosayenera kapena zosayenera za jakisoni zimatha kufalitsa matenda, kuyambitsa matenda komanso kuvulaza kwambiri. A Philippine FDA amatchula mwachindunji za chiopsezo chofalitsa kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda a chiwindi a B ndi C, omwe amadetsa nkhawa kwambiri pamene munthu yemwe si wachipatala akupereka chithandizo kapena malowa ndi osabala.
Zowopsa zokhudzana ndi madontho apamwamba a IV
Machenjezo ambiri okhudzana ndi chitetezo amakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mtsempha. A Philippine FDA adalembapo jekeseni wa glutathione pa chiwindi, impso ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, kuphatikizanso kuthekera kwa matenda a Stevens-Johnson, kuwonongeka kwa khungu. Kwa IV vitamini C, imachenjeza kuti miyala ya impso ikhoza kupanga ngati mkodzo uli ndi acidic komanso kuti mlingo waukulu wachititsa hemodialysis mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la G6PD. Kafukufuku waku US wogwiritsa ntchito vitamini C wa IV adapeza zotsatira zoyipa mu 101 mwa odwala 9,328, makamaka ang'onoang'ono, koma otsimikizika odziwika bwino mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la impso kapena kusowa kwa G6PD (Padayatty et al., 2010). Kuwunika ndikofunikira.
Zotsatira za nthawi yayitali zosadziwika
Ndemanga ya 2016 mu South African Medical Journal idapeza kuti palibe maphunziro osindikizidwa a IV glutathione owunikira khungu komanso palibe deta yokhudzana ndi chitetezo chake kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito kosatha. Olembawo adadzutsanso nkhawa: chifukwa glutathione imasintha kupanga melanin kuchokera ku bulauni kupita ku pigment yofiyira, zitha kukulitsa chiwopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu yopangidwa ndi dzuwa mwa anthu omwe kale anali otetezedwa ndi mtundu wakuda (Davids et al., 2016). A Philippine FDA amalankhulanso chimodzimodzi. Awa ndi mafunso otseguka, osati zovulaza zotsimikiziridwa.
A FDA anena kuti sanavomereze jekeseni iliyonse yoyeretsa khungu kapena kuyatsa ndipo imachiza mankhwala monga mankhwala osavomerezeka. Mu 2014, US Marshals adalanda zida zoyera zosavomerezeka zogulitsidwa ndi kampani ya New Jersey pa pempho la FDA, ndipo mu 2017 woweruza waboma adalamula kampaniyo kuti isiye kugulitsa ndikukumbukira zinthu zina.
Philippines
Mu zake Upangiri wa 2019 pakugwiritsa ntchito mosatetezeka kwa glutathione ngati chowunikira pakhungu , a Philippine FDA adati sanavomereze jekeseni iliyonse yowunikira khungu komanso kuti jekeseni ya glutathione imavomerezedwa ngati chithandizo chothandizira mu cisplatin chemotherapy. Linalangiza anthu kuti adzifunsana ndi akatswiri a dermatologists omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino komanso kupewa kugula mankhwala obaya pa intaneti.
Indonesia
Oyang'anira zakudya ndi mankhwala ku Indonesia, BPOM, amayika jekeseni wa vitamini C ngati mankhwala ochizira kusowa kwa vitamini C, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa ogwira ntchito ku BPOM (Rastika et al., 2022). Kwa oral glutathione supplements, BPOM imalola kuchuluka kwa 600 mg patsiku ndipo sikulola kuti mankhwala azilimbikitsidwa ngati zoyera pakhungu.
Kulikonse kwina
Malamulo okhudzana ndi kalembera wa mankhwala ndi amene angabaye amasiyana malinga ndi dziko. Musanagule kapena kupereka jekeseni wonyezimira, yang'anani momwe oyang'anira dziko lanu amagawira malonda ndi ntchito yomwe akufuna.
Vuto Labodza
Kufuna kwakukulu, kugulitsa pa intaneti ndi kutumiza m'malire kumapangitsa kuti jekeseni zoyera zikhale chandamale chabodza. Bungwe la World Health Organisation lipoti loona zamankhwala otsika mtengo komanso zabodza akuti mankhwala amodzi mwa 10 aliwonse m'mayiko opeza ndalama zochepa kapena apakati ndi otsika mtengo kapena onama ndipo amati mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa pa intaneti kapena m'misika yosakhazikika. Zinthu zabodza zimayimilira dala zomwe zili, kapangidwe kake kapena komwe akuchokera.
Zogulitsa zoyera ndizosiyana. Pamene ofufuza a BPOM adagula mitundu inayi ya jakisoni ya vitamini C yosalembetsedwa pamsika wapaintaneti ndikuyesa, atatu sanakwaniritse zomwe zili ndi vitamini C zomwe zidanenedwa palembapo; imodzi inali ndi 12.8% yokha ya ndalama zomwe ankanena. Kafukufuku yemweyo adapeza kuti ma jakisoniwa amagulitsidwa kudzera pa e-commerce, zipatala zokongola komanso zowonetsera kukongola, ndipo zipatala zisanu ndi zitatu mwa zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zimapereka jakisoni woyera sizinganene mtundu womwe adagwiritsa ntchito (Rastika et al., 2022). Mu 2025, BPOM inanena kuti mayeso a labu pa zitsanzo za chowonjezera chosalembetsa cha glutathione sanapeze L-glutathione nkomwe, ndikuti zitsanzo zimasiyana kukula, kapangidwe, logo ndi hologram. Nkhaniyi inali yokhudza makapisozi apakamwa, osati jakisoni, koma ikuwonetsa kutalika kwa zilembo zomwe zili mkati.
Kwa Zipatala ndi Ogawa: Kupeza Zowona, Zotsatirika
Kwa zipatala ndi ogulitsa, vial yabodza ndi vuto lachitetezo cha odwala, malamulo komanso mbiri. Gulani mwachindunji kuchokera kwa opanga kapena ogulitsa ovomerezeka, sungani manambala a batch pafayilo ya chithandizo chilichonse, tsimikizirani kuti kulemba ndi kulembetsa kumagwirizana ndi msika wanu, ndikuyika kwaokha katundu aliyense wokhala ndi zidindo zowonongeka kapena zolongedza zosagwirizana.
AOMA imapereka mayankho owala a mesotherapy, kuphatikiza TXA, vitamini C ndi njira zophatikizira, kuzipatala zokhala ndi zilolezo ndi ogulitsa, okhala ndi katundu wotsatiridwa ndi gulu la OEM. Sakatulani pa Mtundu wa jakisoni woyeretsa khungu wa AOMA . MOQ imayambira pa mayunitsi 200 pamaoda a stock ndi OEM. Maoda amasheya amatumizidwa mkati mwa maola 24, ndipo nthawi yotsogolera ya OEM ndi masabata 2-3 pambuyo poti zojambulajambula, fomula ndi zolongedza zatsimikiziridwa. AOMA ili ndi ziphaso za CE, ISO 13485, GMP ndi FDA.
FAQ
Kodi jakisoni woyeretsa khungu ndi wotetezeka?
Saloledwa kuyeretsa khungu ndi US FDA kapena Philippine FDA. Zowopsa zimadalira mankhwala, njira ndi jekeseni. Zogulitsa zosalembetsa ndi zodonthezera IV zoperekedwa kunja kwachipatala zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.
Kodi IV glutathione ndiyovomerezeka kuyeretsa khungu?
Ayi. A Philippines FDA amavomereza jakisoni wa glutathione ngati chothandizira pamankhwala a cisplatin, ndipo US FDA sinavomereze jekeseni iliyonse yowunikira khungu.
Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati jekeseni yoyera ndi yabodza?
Onetsetsani kuti nambala yolembetsera ikugwirizana ndi nkhokwe ya owongolera anu, zolembazo zatha, zisindikizo sizili bwino, kulongedza kumagwirizana ndipo wogulitsa akhoza kulemba komwe akuchokera. Mitengo yotsika modabwitsa komanso ogulitsa pa intaneti osadziwika ndi zizindikiro zochenjeza.
Kodi 'suntik putih' ndizovomerezeka ku Indonesia?
BPOM imayika jakisoni wa vitamini C ngati mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala, ndipo jakisoni wa vitamini C wosalembetsedwa apezeka akugulitsidwa pa intaneti, pazowonetsa kukongola komanso kudzera m'zipatala. Landirani zinthu zolembetsedwa zokha zoperekedwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala ovomerezeka.
Fufuzani chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga ndikufotokozera zomwe zikuchitika kwa oyang'anira dziko lanu. Sungani bokosi lazinthu kapena nambala ya batch ngati mungathe.
Maumboni
US Food and Drug Administration. Zosintha za ogula pa zinthu zoyera zoyera pakhungu (kope la chilankhulo cha Chitchaina; lasinthidwa Seputembara 26, 2017). https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/ninyinglejieyouguanjifumeibaizhushechanpindexinxi
Food and Drug Administration ku Philippines. FDA Advisory No. 2019-182: Kugwiritsa ntchito mopanda chitetezo glutathione ngati wothandizira pakhungu. 2019. https://www.fda.gov.ph/fda-advisory-no-2019-182-unsafe-use-of-glutathione-as-skin-lightening-agent/
Rastika DGB, Triwinanti N, Salaffudin MG. Peredaran vitamin C injeksi ilegal di Indonesia [Kuzungulira kwa jakisoni wosaloledwa wa vitamini C ku Indonesia]. Eruditio . 2022;2(2):13–21. doi:10.54384/eruditio.v2i2.109
Badan Pengawas Obat ndi Makanan (BPOM). Siaran Pers HM.01.1.2.08.25.146: Waspada produk Dr. LSW, suplemen kesehatan ilegal dengan klaim pemutih kulit. 21 Ogasiti 2025. https://www.pom.go.id/siaran-pers/waspada-produk-dr-lsw-suplemen-kesehatan-ilegal-dengan-klaim-pemutih-kulit
Davids LM, Van Wyk JC, Khumalo NP. Intravenous glutathione yowunikira khungu: zosakwanira zachitetezo. S Afr Med J. 2016; 106 (8): 782-786. PMID: 27499402.
Padayatty SJ, Sun AY, Chen Q, et al. Vitamini C: kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitsempha ndi othandizira ndi othandizira azachipatala ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa. PLoS One . 2010;5(7):e11414. PMID: 20628650.
Nkhaniyi ndi yophunzitsa basi ndipo si malangizo azachipatala kapena zamalamulo. Kuchiza jakisoni kuyenera kuyesedwa ndi kuchitidwa ndi odziwa bwino ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala olembetsedwa motsatira malamulo akumaloko.
Dr. Emily Carter (MD, Fellow of the American Academy of Dermatology) ndi dotolo wodziwika bwino wa zodzikongoletsera ku New York City yemwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 9 wodziwa ntchito za hyaluronic acid fillers, kuchiza ziphuphu zakumaso, komanso kuyang'ana pang'ono kumaso. Amadziwika makamaka chifukwa cha ukatswiri wake pamankhwala apamwamba obaya omwe amachepetsa zipsera, amalimbikitsa machiritso a khungu, ndikubwezeretsa kusalala kudzera mu jakisoni wokonzanso khungu ndi njira zolimbikitsira khungu.
